

When you lose a close friend or love relationship, you are likely to feel great sorrow and heartache. Even when a bad relationship ends, there can be deep pain and grief. Coping with a divorce or relationship breakup of any kind can be very painful, and most people go through this experience at some point in their lives. But the challenges posed by such a deep loss can be turned into opportunities, enabling you to not only survive, but also thrive. Learn to understand your feelings and develop tools to cope with your relationship breakup or divorce.
Breaking up a relationship is difficult – especially if it’s not your choice. Grief can be experienced even when an unfulfilling relationship ends, because, at the very least, you have lost the emotional investment you made in that relationship. There may be a sense of failure, hopelessness, loss, despair, fear, or desperation. In many cases, the length of the relationship compounds the pain of loss – a divorce after half a lifetime together can seem like the end of the world. Partly, it depends on how much you had vested, spiritually, emotionally and financially. But even short-term relationships can involve an investment in fantasy and in hopes for the future, and their loss can be similarly heart-wrenching.
The loss of a partner through death is an obvious source of grief, but relationships end for many other reasons. Couples grow apart in general because they:
Why do relationship breakups hurt so much, even when the relationship is no longer good? Whatever the reason for a breakup or divorce, coping can be a challenge, because even a disappointing relationship starts out with an emotional investment in what could be. Serious relationships begin on a high note of excitement and hope for the future. People invest time, energy, plans, dreams and hope for the future in love relationships. When these relationships fail, we experience profound disappointment, as well as grieve the physical loss of someone important in our lives.
Grief is the outcome of loss that includes:
Early life memories can also contribute to the pain of relationship breakups and divorce.
Sometimes the end of a love relationship can bring up powerful, even frightening memories of earlier separation or loss. Whatever the trigger – from the childhood memory of a last hug and kiss before Mommy or Daddy left for work, to first-hand recovery from a painful divorce – the current crisis you are experiencing can prove more difficult as that earlier fear surfaces. To read more about early life developmental trauma, see related articles below,
Childhood wounding can complicate the pain of a breakup | |
Abandonment: |
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Rejection |
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Shaming |
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Abuse |
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In crisis there is opportunity. Although your current breakup can trigger unresolved memories that add to your pain and grief, the availability of raw memories gives you an opportunity to revisit unresolved past hurts, reevaluate and heal them.
Grief is a normal and healthy response to loss, not an illness. Its symptoms are painful, but they serve an adaptive purpose. Most grief runs its course with the support of friends and family. But sometimes grief can trigger depression or even unresolved past trauma.
When grief triggers depression, the sadness can be unrelenting and overwhelming. Some people describe it as “living in a black hole” or having a feeling of impending doom – that is never interrupted by moments of pleasure. Even when participating in activities you used to enjoy, you feel as if you are just “going through the motions.” You may also feel numb, lifeless and empty.
Additional symptoms of depression may include | |
Appetite or weight changes | Significant weight loss or weight gain – a change of more than 5% of body weight in a month. |
Sleep changes | Insomnia or oversleeping (also known as hypersomnia). |
Psychomotor agitation or retardation | “Keyed up,” unable to sit still, anxious, restless or sluggish, slow speech and body movements, lack of responsiveness. |
Fatigue or loss of energy | Physically drained. Even small tasks are exhausting. Can't do things as quickly as you used to. |
Self-loathing | Strong feelings of worthlessness or guilt. Harsh criticism of perceived faults and mistakes. |
Concentration problems | Inability to focus. Difficulty making decisions. Can’t “think straight.” Memory problems. |
Aches and pains | Depression can cause or exacerbate many physical symptoms, including headaches, backaches, diarrhea or constipation, abdominal pain, and aching joints. |
How do you heal from devastating losses? There is no one answer to this question, but two things that can provide support during the grieving process are:
After a while repeating your story in its entirety can grow tedious for you and for others who have listened repeatedly to the same story. But this doesn’t mean that you have to pretend. You can briefly express your feelings to a good friend without having to explain further: “I’m still not my old self,” “I still miss him or her,” “I still feel sad, angry,” etc. Not having to be dishonest helps you feel better. Friends will also benefit from the good feelings they get from seeing that they have helped you – just by listening.
You can use divorce or breakup to engage in healing and empowering processes of self discovery. What matters in the healing process is your ability to make sense of your divorce or breakup. Challenges faced are opportunities to:
The work of grief is to let the emotions flow, not attempt to block or judge them. Acceptance of the reality of current circumstances can lead to a renewed hope for the future, even though it is different from the one you used to imagine.
Through this opportunity, you are free to focus on other pursuits:
Breaking up may involve practical matters that require your attention. Even those who weren’t married might own property together or have children. Perhaps you and your ex work at the same office or belong to the same gym. You probably have friends in common, or may own pets. So who gets what in the aftermath of your breakup?
Coping with Separation and Divorce - Tips to help in going through separation or divorce. (Mental Health America)
Separation and Divorce - Things you can do to get emotional support in separation or divorce. (Canadian Mental Health Association)
Jaelline Jaffe, Ph.D., Robert Segal, M.A. and Jeanne Segal, Ph.D. contributed to this article. Last modified on: 9/28/07.
A suicidal person may not ask for help, but that doesn't mean that help isn't wanted. Most people who commit suicide don't want to die - they just want to stop hurting. Suicide prevention starts with recognizing the warning signs and taking them seriously.
If you think a friend or family member is considering suicide, you might be afraid to bring up the subject. But talking openly about suicidal thoughts and feelings can save a life. Speak up if you're concerned and seek professional help immediately! Through understanding, reassurance, and support, you can help your loved one overcome thoughts of suicide.
The World Health Organization estimates that approximately 1 million people die each year from suicide. What drives so many individuals to take their own lives? To those not in the grips of suicidal depression and despair, it's difficult to understand. But a suicidal person is in so much pain that he or she can see no other option.
Suicide is a desperate attempt to escape suffering that has become unbearable. Blinded by feelings of self-loathing, hopelessness, and isolation, a suicidal person can't see any way of finding relief except through death. But despite their desire for the pain to stop, most suicidal people are deeply conflicted about ending their own lives. They wish there was an alternative to committing suicide, but they just can't see one.
Because of their ambivalence about dying, suicidal individuals usually give warning signs or signals of their intentions. The best way to prevent suicide is to know and watch for these warning signs and to get involved if you spot them. If you believe that a friend or family member is suicidal, you can play a role in suicide prevention by pointing out the alternatives, showing that you care, and getting a doctor or psychologist involved.
FALSE: People who talk about suicide won't really do it.
Almost everyone who commits or attempts suicide has given some clue or warning. Do not ignore suicide threats. Statements like "you'll be sorry when I'm dead," "I can't see any way out," -- no matter how casually or jokingly said may indicate serious suicidal feelings.
FALSE: Anyone who tries to kill him/herself must be crazy.
Most suicidal people are not psychotic or insane. They must be upset, grief-stricken, depressed or despairing, but extreme distress and emotional pain are not necessarily signs of mental illness.
FALSE: If a person is determined to kill him/herself, nothing is going to stop him/her.
Even the most severely depressed person has mixed feelings about death, wavering until the very last moment between wanting to live and wanting to die. Most suicidal people do not want death; they want the pain to stop. The impulse to end it all, however overpowering, does not last forever.
FALSE: People who commit suicide are people who were unwilling to seek help .
Studies of suicide victims have shown that more then half had sought medical help within six month before their deaths.
FALSE: Talking about suicide may give someone the idea.
You don't give a suicidal person morbid ideas by talking about suicide. The opposite is true --bringing up the subject of suicide and discussing it openly is one of the most helpful things you can do.
Suicide prevention begins with an awareness of the warning signs of suicidal thoughts and feelings. Major warning signs for suicide include talking about killing or harming oneself, talking or writing a lot about death or dying, and seeking out things that could be used in a suicide attempt, such as weapons and drugs.
A more subtle but equally dangerous warning sign of suicide is hopelessness. Studies have found that hopelessness is a strong predictor of suicide. People who feel hopeless may talk about "unbearable" feelings, predict a bleak future, and state that they have nothing to look forward to.
Other warning signs that point to a suicidal mind frame include dramatic mood swings or sudden personality changes, such as going from outgoing to withdrawn or well-behaved to rebellious. A suicidal person may also lose interest in day-to-day activities, neglect his or her appearance, and show big changes in eating or sleeping habits.
Talking about suicide | Any talk about suicide, dying, or self-harm. Includes statements such as "I wish I hadn't been born," "If I see you again...," "I want out," and "I'd be better off dead." |
Seeking out lethal means | Looking for ways to commit suicide. Seeking access to guns, pills, knives, or other objects that could be used in a suicide attempt. |
Preoccupation with death | Unusual focus on death, dying, or violence. Writing poems or stories about death. |
No hope for the future | Feelings of helplessness, hopelessness, and being trapped ("There's no way out"). Belief that things will never get better or change. |
Self-loathing, self-hatred | Feelings of worthlessness, guilt, shame, and self-hatred. Feeling like a burden ("Everyone would be better off without me"). |
Getting affairs in order | Making out a will. Giving away prized possessions. Making arrangements for family members. |
Saying goodbye | Unusual or unexpected visits or calls to family and friends. Saying goodbye to people as if they won't be seen again. |
Withdrawing from others | Withdrawing from friends and family. Increasing social isolation. Desire to be left alone. |
Self-destructive behavior | Increased alcohol or drug use, reckless driving, unsafe sex. Taking unnecessary risks as if they have a "death wish". |
Sudden sense of calm | A sudden sense of calm and happiness after being extremely depressed can mean that the person has made a decision to commit suicide. |
If you spot the warning signs of suicide in someone you care about, you may wonder if it’s a good idea to say anything. What if you’re wrong? What if the person gets angry? Even worse, what if you plant the idea in your friend or family member’s head? In such situations, it's natural to feel uncomfortable or afraid. But anyone who talks about suicide or shows other warning signs needs immediate help—the sooner the better.
If you're unsure whether someone is suicidal, the best way to find out is to ask. You can't make a person suicidal by showing that you care. In fact, giving the individual the opportunity to express his or her feelings may prevent a suicide attempt. The person may even be relieved that you brought up the issue.
Here are some questions you can ask:
If a friend or family member tells you that he or she is thinking about death or suicide, it's important to evaluate the immediate danger the person is in. Those at the highest risk for committing suicide in the near future have a specific suicide plan, the means to carry out the plan, a time schedule for doing it, and an intention to do it.
The following questions can help you assess the immediate risk for suicide:
If a suicide attempt seems imminent, call a local crisis center, dial 911, or take the person to an emergency room. Do not, under any circumstances, leave a suicidal person alone.
It's also wise to remove guns, drugs, knives, and other potentially lethal objects from the vicinity. In some cases, involuntary hospitalization may be necessary to keep the person safe and prevent a suicide attempt.
Level of Suicide Risk |
Low — Some suicidal thoughts. No suicide plan. Says he or she won't commit suicide. |
Moderate — Suicidal thoughts. Vague plan that isn't very lethal. Says he or she won't commit suicide. |
High — Suicidal thoughts. Specific plan that is highly lethal. Says he or she won't commit suicide. |
Severe — Suicidal thoughts. Specific plan that is highly lethal. Says he or she will commit suicide. |
If a friend or family member is suicidal, the best way to help is by offering an empathetic, listening ear. Let your loved one know that he or she is not alone and that you care. Don't take responsibility, however, for making your loved one well. You can offer support, but you can't get better for a suicidal person. He or she has to make a personal commitment to recovery.
As you're helping a suicidal person, don't forget to take care of yourself. Find someone that you trust—a friend, family member, clergyman, or counselor—to talk to about your feelings and get support of your own.
According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, at least 90 percent of all people who commit suicide suffer from depression, alcoholism, or a combination of mental disorders. Depression in particular plays a large role in suicide. The difficulty suicidal people have imagining a solution to their suffering is due in part to the distorted thinking caused by depression.
Common suicide risk factors include:
Overall, the risk of suicide is lower in people taking antidepressants for depression. But for some, depression medication causes an increase—rather than a decrease—in depression and suicidal thoughts and feelings. Because of this risk, the FDA advises that anyone on antidepressants should be watched for increases in suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Monitoring is especially important if this is the person's first time on depression medication or if the dose has recently been changed. The risk of suicide is the greatest during the first two months of antidepressant treatment.
In addition to the general risk factors for suicide, both teenagers and older adults are at a higher risk of suicide.
Teenage suicide is a serious and growing problem. The teenage years can be emotionally turbulent and stressful. Teenagers face pressures to succeed and fit in. They may struggle with self-esteem issues, self-doubt, and feelings of alienation. For some, this leads to suicide. Depression is also a major risk factor for teen suicide.
Other risk factors for teenage suicide include:
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The highest suicide rates of any age group occur among persons aged 65 years and older. One contributing factor is depression in the elderly that is undiagnosed and untreated.
Other risk factors for suicide in the elderly include:
Understanding Suicidal Thinking — Learn what to do when someone is suicidal. Features advice on preventing suicide attempts and offering help and support. (Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance)
Frequently Asked Questions About Suicide — Find answers to common questions about suicide, including who is at the highest risk and how to help. (National Institute of Mental Health)
Understanding and Helping the Suicidal Person — Covers the warning signs of suicidal thoughts, suicide prevention tips, and advice on getting help. (The American Association of Suicidology)
Suicide and Mental Illness — Article on the link between suicide and mental illnesses such as depression, substance abuse, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. (StopaSuicide.org)
What Can I Do To Help Someone Who Might be Suicidal? — Discusses possible warning signs of suicidal thoughts and ways to prevent suicide attempts. (Metanoia)
Suicide: Learn More, Learn to Help — Suicide prevention fact sheet that includes questions to ask to find out if someone is suicidal. (The National Alliance for the Mentally Ill).
When You Fear Someone May Take Their Own Life — Overview of what to do when someone is suicidal, including preventing suicide in an acute crisis. (American Foundation for Suicide Prevention)
Handling a Call From a Suicidal Person — Advice on how to handle a phone call from a friend or family member who is suicidal. Features tips on what to say and how to help. (Metanoia)
National Suicide Prevention Lifeline - Suicide prevention telephone hotline funded by the U.S. government. Provides free, 24-hour assistance. 1-800-273-TALK (8255).
National Hopeline Network - Toll-free telephone number offering 24-hour suicide crisis support. 1-800-SUICIDE (784-2433)
State Prevention Programs — Browse through a database of suicide prevention programs, organized by state. (National Strategy for Suicide Prevention)
Crisis Centers in Canada — Locate suicide crisis centers in Canada by province. (Centre For Suicide Prevention)
Befrienders Worldwide — International suicide prevention organization connects people to crisis hotlines in their country.
Facts for Families: Teen Suicide — Learn about teen suicide, including risk factors, warning signs, and how to prevent it. (American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry)
Suicide Prevention Resource Center: Teens — Guide to suicide in teenagers. Includes advice for helping yourself or a friend. (Suicide Prevention Resource Center)
Older Adults: Depression and Suicide Facts — Overview of the problem of depression and suicide in the elderly, including how to get help. (National Institute of Mental Health)
Suicide and the Elderly: Warning Signs and How to Help — Article on suicide in the elderly covers the risk factors, warning signs, and how to provide help. (University of Florida)
Melinda Smith, M.A., and Jaelline Jaffe, Ph.D., contributed to this article. Reviewed by Jeanne Segal, Ph.D. Last modified on: 3/20/08
Sex is good for older adults. In both men and women, good sex appears to: prompt the release of substances that bolster the immune system; release endorphins that act as painkillers and reduce anxiety; benefit the heart and lungs by increasing breathing and circulation; help us relax and feel good about ourselves.
Sexuality and sensuality are an important part of the aging process. Most people want and need to be close to other people. We want to touch and be touched, both physically and emotionally. As we grow older, some of us become more attuned to our sensuality—our ability to be fully present in each moment and to notice the smells, textures, and sounds that enhance our lives. How sensual you are plays a key role in your overall ability to derive pleasure from life.
Physical closeness and companionship are important to most seniors. Just being physically near is important, but many of us also want to continue an active, satisfying sex life as we grow older.
As people age they often worry about their sexual performance. Some may feel that at a certain age sex is no longer appropriate—that sex is for the young. Others are embarrassed about their lack of sexual "performance" and begin to back away from regular sexual encounters. Sometimes illness or loss of a partner interferes with sexuality. Without appropriate information, and sometimes professional help, a temporary situation can often turn into a permanent one.
However, given good health and a willing partner, studies show that both men and women can enjoy sex for as long as they wish. All it takes is a willingness to learn and compensate for some of the normal changes of aging, and to ask for professional help when needed. With proper information and support, your midlife and later years can be an exciting time to explore the emotional and sensual aspects of your sexuality.
Being informed about the normal changes of aging and the many options for supporting our sexuality is much easier than it was a generation ago. More information is available on the Internet, in books, and from the medical community. Also, more middle-aged and older adults feel freer to discuss sexuality with their friends and learn from and support each other. Openly discussing your sexual needs and desires, particularly with your spouse or partner, becomes even more important as you age. Several physiological changes of aging can affect your sexuality, as outlined below.
The major changes that women experience during midlife are related to diminishing hormonal production. This accounts for the symptoms of perimenopause (the time when monthly periods begin to change) and menopause (after monthly periods cease) experienced by many women. Common symptoms include:
Several excellent websites can provide you with more information about this important time of life and tips for adjusting to your body's changes (see References and resources).
Men often find that it takes them longer to have an erection as they get older. They also find that their erection doesn't last as long, and that it takes longer for them to have another erection once they climax. Men who do not know that this is normal become overly concerned, leading to even more "dysfunction" from the increased anxiety.
If you are experiencing any of the symptoms related to menopause, it is important to educate yourself. Sometimes women feel like they are the only ones "going crazy", or that they should be able to get through these things by themselves. Fortunately there is more information available to us today than there was a generation ago, and you can learn a lot from internet research, books, magazines, and open discussions with female friends.
Using a water-based lubricant during sex can usually help one of the most common sexual problems related to menopause, vaginal dryness. Additionally, hormone replacement therapy (HRT, available in pills, patches, creams or vaginal rings) can help many women decrease vaginal dryness and other menopause related symptoms. However, with the latest research showing HRT to be associated with higher risks of heart attack, stroke, breast cancer, and gall bladder problems; many women are reluctant to take estrogen. You may want to explore one or more of the many alternative or complementary health care supplements now available. Talk to your doctor about the best approach for your particular symptoms and feelings.
If you feel that your low libido may be related to stress, anxiety, depression, past traumas or other emotional issues, this may be a good time to see a mental health professional. Be sure to let the person know that you are dealing with sexual issues and ascertain whether they have expertise in this area of psychotherapy. You may also find that exploring other interests and activities, like taking a dance class, learning how to meditate, or doing yoga can have a positive effect on mood and help enhance your sexuality and sensuality. Some women have found that a medical provider who specializes in female sexual dysfunctions can be helpful.
As men age, they need more direct physical stimulation to get an erection. Often taking more time during lovemaking, exploring new ways of expressing love, and not focusing on "performance" are enough to break the cycle of tension and allow men to enjoy lovemaking again. Considering lifestyle changes, such as increasing physical exercise, eating a more nutritious, well-balanced diet, stopping smoking, decreasing alcohol intake, and reducing stress can enhance sexuality.
When more frequent problems arise, or when a man is unable to get or maintain an erection, medical intervention may be helpful. Men sometimes think the problem is their fault, or have been told that the problem is psychological. We now know that over 80% of the time impotence or erectile dysfunction (ED) is caused by a physical problem.
If you are having trouble maintaining your erection, you are not alone. It is estimated that 5% of 40-year-old men and 15-25% of 65-year-old-men are experiencing erectile dysfunction. To explore solutions, it is important to not only talk openly with your partner, but also to seek help from your health care provider. A physical exam and lab tests can help pinpoint the cause of your ED, and help determine the best way to help. The now very well known drug Viagra and other similar medications are helpful to 60-75% of the men who try them. Mechanical devices and surgeries are other options to discuss with your physician.
Sometimes illnesses and the drugs used to treat them can also interfere with sexual functioning. Open discussions with your physician can lead to changes in your medical regime that can mitigate these effects.
In addition to the normal changes of aging, illnesses and other conditions can contribute to sexual problems. These include:
Medical Conditions that Affect Sexuality | |
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In addition, women sometimes experience a loss of bladder control. It is important to discuss any physical condition with your medical provider if it is interfering with your sexuality. Many times these problems can be overcome by changing medications, or by effectively treating the medical problem.
Understandably, many cancer patients have a difficult time thinking about their sexuality while undergoing treatment. During a time of so many changes, it can be very disappointing to realize that the cancer and treatments also negatively affect your sex life. The Cancer Care sites listed in References and resources can help answer some of your questions and concerns about how cancer and cancer treatments for cancer might affect your sexuality, as well as suggestions for coping with the changes.
As women get closer to menopause they may not have their period for many months and think they can no longer get pregnant. However, until you have missed 12 months in a row, you may still be ovulating and you may still get pregnant. Therefore birth control is still needed. A more important problem, however, can be sexually transmitted diseases.
Although young people are most at risk for these diseases (including syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydial infection, genital herpes, hepatitis B, genital warts, and trichomoniasis), older sexually-active people can still get them as well. Anyone who is sexually active is also at risk for being infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. Many people do not realize that the number of older people with HIV/AIDS is growing. One out of every 10 people diagnosed with AIDS in the United States is over age 50. You are at risk if you have more than one sexual partner or you have started dating and having unprotected sex again. Always use a latex condom during sex, and talk to your doctor about ways to protect yourself from all sexually transmitted diseases.
For many seniors, institutional living marks the end of sexual freedom: no locks on doors, shared rooms, single beds, segregation of male and female residents, no provision for couples to room together. Combined with insufficient knowledge about aging and sexuality, and negative attitudes on the part of staff and family, seniors may find themselves in a sexual desert. Expressions of sexuality and intimacy are often treated as behavior problems, if not actively discouraged. For some seniors, negative attitudes toward sexuality in general are compounded by homophobia: whether living in the community or in a retirement residence or institution, gay men and lesbians can face significant barriers to healthy expression of their sexuality. If you find yourself or a friend or relative in this situation, it is important not to ignore the importance of sensual, and if possible sexual expression. Love, caring, and touching should be acceptable in any setting. Some institutions even allow for privacy among consenting adults for "intimate relations". However, the opportunity for sexual expression in these settings is often very limited, and much more education of staff and family members is often needed for institutionalized older adults to have appropriate expressions of their sexuality.
Sexuality is often a delicate balance of emotional and physical issues. How you feel may affect what you are able to do. For example, men may fear that once they have had a sexual "failure" they are less manly, and become overly concerned about their sexual prowess. This worry can actually cause enough stress to trigger further erectile dysfunction. A woman who is worried about how her looks are changing as she ages may think her partner will no longer find her attractive. This focus on youthful physical beauty may get in the way of her enjoyment of sex. Older couples also face the same daily stresses that affect people of any age. But they may also have the added concerns of illness, retirement and other lifestyle changes. These worries can be cause depression and anxiety and affect sexual functioning as well.
Emotional health is important to having a healthy and fulfilling sex life. It is important to address emotional issues as they surface. For more information on passionate feelings and emotions in marriage and other intimate relationships, see Helpguide's relationship series, Building and Preserving Joy and Excitement in Adult Relationships. Open communication with your partner is vital, but if you are sensitive about the subject matter, a therapist specializing in sexual issues might also be helpful. Talking about your concerns and actively addressing them is the only way to overcome them. You may find that expressing your worries and anxieties can help you see them in perspective or reveal ways that you can work to correct them.
Recognizing that most couples have difficulty with their sexuality sometime during their relationship and not taking it personally can be a very helpful first step. Next, it is essential that you and your partner develop ways to talk about the problem. First, choose a time when you are both able to give full attention to the conversation, and aren't feeling particularly stressed. Focus on the positive, (your love for your partner and your desire to work things out together). Objectively describe your feelings and perceptions of the problem without being judgmental. Ask open-ended questions, such as "What can I do to make things better for you?" or "What are your concerns about talking with your doctor?". Take time to create a romantic atmosphere and add more playfulness, laughter, and foreplay to your lovemaking. Explore other options, such as sex toys, oral sex, mutual masturbation etc. that do not require an erect penis to obtain sexual satisfaction. This is also a great time to explore doing more sensual things together, such as giving each other a gentle, loving massage, taking dance classes, or exploring Tantra yoga together. And finally, don't be afraid or embarrassed to get professional help when it is needed. Life is too short to deprive yourself of one of life's greatest pleasures.
Kegel exercises, also known as pelvic floor exercises, are overwhelming recommended by doctors for women (and men!) to improve and enhance sexuality. The exercises are simple to do and can be inconspicuously done anytime and anywhere. Strengthening the pelvic floor area should result in heightened feeling and sensitivity, and hopefully, better sex. See References and resources for information about how to do Kegel exercises.
Sex Over Sixty – Offers a readable and comprehensive overview of sexuality over 60. (Canadian Bulletin of the National Advisory Council on Aging)
Sexuality in Later Life – Provides suggestions for overcoming some common physical problems that affect sexuality. (National Institute on Aging)
Project Aware – Offers an excellent overview of perimenopause and menopause, including a list of common symptoms. (Association of Women for the Advancement of Research and Education)
Perimenopause – Provides recommendations for seven common perimenopausal symptoms from three leading women's health experts. (Discovery Health Online)
Women's Sexual Health Foundation – A nonprofit corporation, offers pamphlets on a variety of women's sexual issues. (The Women's Sexual Health Foundation (TWSHF))
Menopause – Offers an excellent overview of menopause, with good links to other relevant websites. (National Institute on Aging)
Instructions for Kegel Exercises – Provides information on how to do Kegel exercises and why they are beneficial for both men and women. (Midwest Institute of Sexology)
Erectile Dysfunction or Impotence – Features a short video explaining the physiology of an erection and information about causes, diagnosis, and treatment of erectile dysfunction. (Urology Channel)
Erectile Dysfunction – Provides a list of commonly asked questions concerning the causes, diagnosis, and treatments of erectile dysfunction. Includes a list of additional organizations to seek information and help. (National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse)
Holly Kiger, R.N., and Gina Kemp, M.A., contributed to this article. Last modified on: 2/09/07.
Do you have trouble falling asleep, or toss and turn in the middle of the night? Awaken too early, or find yourself not feeling refreshed in the morning? You are not alone: millions of people struggle with falling and staying asleep.
Unless you’re suffering from a serious sleep disorder, simply improving your daytime habits and creating a better sleep environment can set the stage for good sleep. By developing a good bedtime routine and designing a plan that works with your individual needs, you can avoid common pitfalls and make simple changes that bring you consistently better sleep.
Ideally, to maximize sleep, your room should be quiet, dark and at a comfortable temperature and ventilation.
Time of day serves as a powerful cue to your body clock that it is time to sleep and awaken. Go to bed and wake up at the same time each day, and it will be easier and easier to fall asleep. However tempting it may be, try not to break this routine on weekends when you may want to stay up much later or sleep in. Your overall sleep will be better if you don’t.
In setting your bedtime, pay attention to the cues your body is giving you. When do you feel sleepy? Set your bedtime for when you normally feel tired, within reason – you may not want to make your bedtime 2am if you have to work at 8am! If you regularly go to bed when you don’t feel sleepy, not only is it harder to fall asleep, but you may start worrying about not sleeping, which can end up keeping you up longer! If you want to change your bedtime, try doing it in small daily increments, such as 15 minutes earlier or later each day.
However, a light snack before bed, especially one which contains the amino acid tryptophan, can help promote sleep. When you pair tryptophan-containing foods with carbohydrates, it helps calm the brain and allow you to sleep better. For even better sleep, add some calcium to your dinner or nighttime snack. Calcium helps the brain use and process tryptophan. On the other hand, you might want to avoid eating too much protein before bedtime - protein-rich foods contain tyrosine, an amino acid that stimulates brain activity. Experiment with your food habits to determine your optimum evening meals and snacks.
Some food and drinks that can interfere with your sleep, including:
If you suspect a food or drink is keeping you up, try eliminating it for a few days to see if sleep improves.
Start by keeping a consistent bedtime as much as possible. Then, think about what relaxes you. It might be a warm bath, soft music or some quiet reading. Relaxation techniques, such as yoga, visualization or muscle relaxation not only tell your body it is time for sleep but also help relieve anxiety.
Avoid bright light or activities which cause stress and anxiety.
Worry, Anxiety and SleepWith busy schedules and family lives, it’s hard to leave the worries of daily life behind when it is time to sleep. Worrying and anxiety trigger the “fight or flight” mechanism in the body, releasing chemicals that prepare us to be alert and ready for action. That not only makes it difficult to fall asleep, but can wake you up frequently in the night as well. Stop stress and worry from disrupting your rest by:
Tips IV: Getting back to sleep, television and sleep medicationsGetting back to sleepIt’s normal to wake briefly during the night- a good sleeper won’t even remember it. However, there are times when you may wake during the night and not be able to fall back asleep. You may get more and more frustrated about not being able to sleep, which raises your anxiety level, ironically making it even harder to achieve the sleep you crave!
TelevisionMany people use the television to fall asleep or relax at the end of the day. You may even have a television in your bedroom. However, it’s best to get rid of the television, or related activities like video games, for several reasons. First, television programming is frequently stimulating rather than calming. Late night news or prime time shows frequently have disturbing, violent material. Even non-violent programming can have commercials which are jarring and louder than the actual program. Remember, commercials want to get your attention! Processing this type of material is a stimulating activity, the opposite of what you want to help you sleep. In addition, the light coming from the TV (or a computer screen) can interfere with the body’s clock, which is sensitive to any light. Television is also noisy, which can disturb sleep if the set is accidentally left on.
Medications and sleep If only sleeplessness could be completely cured by a simple pill! There are certainly plenty of over-the-counter sleep aids. However, these medications are not meant for long term use. They can cause side effects and even rebound insomnia, where your sleep ends up worse than before. Prescription medications are no magic pill, either. If you must take sleep prescription medications, work carefully with your healthcare professional. |